1613: In response to gunfire aimed at them, the Beothuk of Newfoundland kill 37 French fisherman. The French retaliate by arming the Micmac, traditional enemies of the Beothuk, and offering bounties for scalps. The Beothuk are soon virtually exterminated.
1615: French Roman Catholic missionaries arrive in Canada.
1615: Champlain attacks Onondaga villages with the help of a Huron war party, this turning the Iroquois League against the French.
1616-20: Smallpox epidemic strikes New England tribes between Narragansett Bay and the Penobscot River.
1617: Louis Hebert, an apothecary who had stayed at Port Royal twice, brings his wife and children to Quebec, thus becoming the first true habitant (permanent settler supporting his family from the soil).