See also: 1865 in science, other events of 1866, 1867 in science and the list of 'years in science'.

Table of contents

1 Astronomy 2 Biology 3 Chemistry 4 Medicine 5 Awards 6 Births 7 Deaths

Astronomy

• Giovanni Schiaparelli realizes that meteor streams occur when the Earth passes through the orbit of a comet that has left debris along its path.
• William Huggins studied the spectrum of a nova and discovers that it is surrounded by a cloud of hydrogen.

• Gregor Mendel published his laws of inheritance.
• Ernst Haeckel challenged the plant/animal division of life, observing that single celled organisms, the protists, do not fit into either category.
• Frederick Smith first discovers Formica candida in the Bournemouth, England, describing it as Formica gagates.

• Dynamite invented by Alfred Nobel.
• Augustus von Hofmann proposes the now standard system of hydrocarbon nomenclature.

• Max Schultze discovers two sorts of 'receptors' in the retina.
• Patrick Manson starts a school of tropical medicine in Hong Kong

• Copley Medal: Julius Plücker
• Wollaston Medal for Geology: Charles Lyell

• Thomas Hunt Morgan, biologist, Nobellaureate in Physiology or Medicine († 1945)
• Robert Broom, paleontologist († 1951)