The Sierra San Pedro Martir is a major mountain range in the northern part of the state. The highest point is Cerro de la Encantada, 3096 m. It is connected to the Californian Peninsular Ranges by the lower Sierra Juarez.
At the south end of Baja California Sur, the Sierra de la Laguna forms an isolated mountain range rising to 2406 m.
1804: The Spanish colony of California is divided into Alta ("high") and Baja ("low") California at the line separating the Franciscan missions in the north from the Dominican missions in the south.
In 1850, after Alta California has been annexed by the United States to become the US state of California, Baja California is further divided into northern and southern territories.