Blaise de Vigenère
Blaise de Vigenère (April 5, 1523 - 1596) was a French diplomat and cryptographer.
He was author of over twenty books including,
- Traicte de Cometes
- Traicte de Chiffres (1585)
In Traicte de Chiffres he described an autokey cipher he had invented, it was the first cipher of this type not to be trivially breakable.