The Common Quail (Coturnix coturnix) is a gamebird in the pheasant family Phasianidae of the order Galliformes, gallinaceous birds.

This quail breeds on open arable farmland and grassland across most of Europe and Asia, laying 6-18 eggs in a ground nest. It is a strongly migratory bird, unlike most of the gamebirds, and winters in Africa.

It is a small (17 cm) rotund bird, essentially streaked brown with a white eyestripe, and, in the male, a black chin. As befits its migratory nature, it has long wings, unlike most typically short-winged gamebirds.

This is a terrestrial species, feeding on seeds and insects on the ground. It is notoriously difficult to see, keeping hidden in crops, and reluctant to fly, preferring to creep away instead. Even when flushed, it keeps low and soon drops back into cover. Often the only indication of its presence is the distinctive "wet-my-lips" repetitive song of the male.