The Kingdom of Denmark-Norway, consisting of Denmark and Norway (with Norway's possessions Iceland, Greenland and the Faroe Islands), was established in the aftermath of a Danish civil war some years after the secession of Sweden from the Kalmar Union. Norway was governed as a Danish province, with Copenhagen the capital. The kingdom existed for almost 280 years, from 1536 until 1814, when Denmark was defeated at the end of the Napoleonic wars and the following events forced it to give up Norway to Sweden, formally effected at the Treaty of Kiel.