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Dove

Pigeons and Doves

Peaceful Dove (Geopelia placida).
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Order:Columbiformes
Family:Columbidae
Genera
Subfamily Columbinae
Columba
''Nesoenas
Streptopelia
Macropygia
Reinwardtoena
Turacoena
Turtur
Oena
Chalcophaps
Henicophaps
Phaps
Ocyphaps
Geophaps
Petrophassa
Geopelia
Leucosarcia
Zenaida
Ectopistes (extinct)
Columbina
Claravis
Metropelia
Scardafella
Uropelia
Leptotila
Geotrygon
Starnoenas
Caloenas
Gallicolumba
Trugon
Microgoura (extinct?)

Subfamily Otidiphabinae
Otidiphaps

Subfamily Gourinae
Goura

Subfamily Didunculinae
Didunculus

Subfamily Treroninae
Phapitreron
Treron
Ptilinopus
Drepanoptila
Alectroenas
Ducula
Lopholaimus
Hemiphaga
Cryptophaps
Gymnophaps

Table of contents
1 Introduction
2 Classification & species list
3 Symbolism

Introduction

The doves are the 308 species of near passerine birds in the order Columbiformes, hence the adjective columbine refers to something being dove-like. The terms dove and pigeon are used interchangeably, although smaller species are more likely to be called doves.

The species commonly referred to just as the "pigeon" is the feral Rock Dove.

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.

The poorly constructed nests are made of sticks, and the two white eggs are incubated by both sexes.

Doves feed on seeds, fruit and other soft plantstuffs. Unlike most other birds, (but see flamingo), the doves and pigeons produce "crop milk", which is secreted by a sloughing of fluid-filled cells from the lining of the crop. Both sexes produce this highly nutritious substance to feed to the young.

This family occurs worldwide, but the greatest variety is in the Indomalaya and Australasia ecozones. It is related to the extinct dodos

Classification & species list

The family is usually divided into five subfamilies, as follows; genus order here follows Handbook of the Birds of the World (Lynx, 1997):

Subfamily Columbinae - typical pigeons & doves

Genus Columba Typical pigeons Genus Nesoenas Genus Streptopelia Genus Macropygia Genus Reinwardtoena Genus Turacoena Genus Turtur Genus Oena Genus Chalcophaps Genus Henicophaps Genus Phaps, bronzewing pigeons Genus Ocyphaps Genus Geophaps Genus Petrophassa, rock pigeons Genus Geopelia Genus Leucosarcia Genus Zenaida Genus Ectopistes Genus Columbina Ground Doves Genus Claravis Genus Metropelia Genus Scardafella Genus Uropelia Genus Leptotila Genus Geotrygon, quail-doves Genus Starnoenas Genus Caloenas

Nicobar Pigeon (Caloenas nicobarica).
Larger version
Genus Gallicolumba Genus Trugon Genus Microgoura

Subfamily Otidiphabinae - pheasant pigeon

Genus Otidiphaps
  • Pheasant Pigeon, Otidiphaps nobilis

Subfamily Gourinae - crowned pigeons


Victoria Crowned Pigeon (Goura victoria).
Larger version
Genus Goura crowned pigeons

Subfamily Didunculinae - tooth-billed pigeon

Genus Didunculus
  • Tooth-billed Pigeon, Didunculus strigirostris

Subfamily Treroninae - green & fruit doves

Genus Phapitreron
  • White-eared Brown Dove, Phapitreron leucotis
  • Amethyst Brown Dove, Phapitreron amethystina
  • Dark-eared Brown Dove, Phapitreron cinereiceps

Genus Treron green pigeons
  • Cinnamon-headed Green Pigeon, Treron fulvicollis
  • Little Green Pigeon, Treron olax
  • Pink-necked Green Pigeon, Treron vernans
  • Orange-breasted Green Pigeon, Treron bicincta
  • Pompadour Green Pigeon, Treron pompadora
  • Thick-billed Green Pigeon, Treron curvirostra
  • Grey-cheeked Green Pigeon, Treron griseicauda
  • Sumba Green Pigeon, Treron teysmannii
  • Flores Green Pigeon, Treron floris
  • Timor Green Pigeon, Treron psittacea
  • Large Green Pigeon, Treron capellei
  • Yellow-footed Green Pigeon, Treron phoenicoptera
  • Bruce's Green Pigeon, Treron waalia
  • Madagascar Green Pigeon, Treron australis
  • African Green Pigeon, Treron calva
  • Pemba Green Pigeon, Treron pembaensis
  • Sao Tome Green Pigeon, Treron sanctithomae
  • Pin-tailed Green Pigeon, Treron apicauda
  • Sumatran Green Pigeon, Treron oxyura
  • Yellow-vented Green Pigeon, Treron seimundi
  • Wedge-tailed Green Pigeon, Treron sphenura
  • White-bellied Green Pigeon, Treron sieboldii
  • Whistling Green Pigeon, Treron formosae

Genus Ptilinopus, fruit doves
  • Black-backed Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus cinctus
  • Black-banded Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus alligator
  • Red-naped Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus dohertyi
  • Pink-headed Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus porphyreus
  • Flame-breasted Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus marchei
  • Cream-bellied Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus merrilli
  • Yellow-breasted Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus occipitalis
  • Red-eared Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus fischeri
  • Jambu Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus jambu
  • Maroon-chinned Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus subgularis
  • Black-chinned Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus leclancheri
  • Scarlet-breasted Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus bernsteinii
  • Wompoo Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus magnificus
  • Pink-spotted Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus perlatus
  • Ornate Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus ornatus
  • Tanna Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus tannensis
  • Orange-fronted Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus aurantiifrons
  • Wallace's Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus wallacii
  • Superb Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus superbus
  • Many-coloured Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus perousii
  • Purple-capped Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus porphyraceus
  • Palau Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus pelewensis
  • Rarotonga Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus rarotongensis
  • Mariana Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus roseicapilla
  • Rose-crowned Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus regina
  • Silver-capped Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus richardsii
  • Grey-green Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus purpuratus
  • Makatea Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus chalcurus
  • Atoll Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus coralensis
  • Red-bellied Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus greyii
  • Rapa Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus huttoni
  • White-capped Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus dupetithouarsii
  • Red-moustached Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus mercierii
  • Henderson Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus insularis
  • Coroneted Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus coronulatus
  • Beautiful Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus pulchellus
  • Blue-capped Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus monacha
  • White-bibbed Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus rivoli
  • Yellow-bibbed Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus solomonensis
  • Claret-breasted Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus viridis
  • White-headed Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus eugeniae
  • Orange-bellied Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus iozonus
  • Knob-billed Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus insolitus
  • Grey-headed Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus hyogaster
  • Carunculated Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus granulifrons
  • Black-naped Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus melanospila
  • Dwarf Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus nanus
  • Negros Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus arcanus
  • Orange Dove, Ptilinopus victor
  • Golden Dove, Ptilinopus luteovirens
  • Whistling Dove, Ptilinopus layardi

Genus Drepanoptila
  • Cloven-feathered Dove, Drepanoptila holosericea

Genus Alectroenas blue pigeons
  • Madagascar Blue Pigeon, Alectroenas madagascariensis
  • Comoro Blue Pigeon, Alectroenas sganzini
  • Seychelles Blue Pigeon, Alectroenas pulcherrima

Genus Ducula imperial pigeons

Chestnut-naped Imperial Pigeon (Ducula aenea paulina). Other names for this bird are Celebes Imperial Pigeon, Celebes Green Imperial Pigeon and Green Imperial Pigeon.
Larger version

Genus Lopholaimus Genus Hemiphaga Genus Cryptophaps Genus Gymnophaps, mountain pigeons

Symbolism

White doves are a traditional symbol of love and peace. A dove was supposed to have been released by Noah after the flood in order to find land; it came back carrying an olive branch, telling Noah that, somewhere, there was land. A dove with an olive branch, then, has come to symbolize peace.

In politics the name "dove" is sometimes applied to figures who favour peaceful solutions to problems as opposed to "hawks" who favour aggressive action.

See also peace movement, militarism

See also Pigeon intelligence, and River Dove for the river.




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