The first fedayeen were active from the 8th to the 14th? century and described by their enemies as hashshashin.

The second group was a political-religious terrorist group in Tehran, which between 1943 and 1955, carried out a number of political assassinations.

The third group was a link of support between the Palestinian communities who had been forced to flee their country during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. The Fedayeen were based in Egypt, Lebanon and Jordan. The Israeli view is that the Fedayeen were recruited, armed and trained mainly by Egypt's security forces under the control of Egyptian President Gamal Abdul Nasser to kill as many Israeli civilians as they could ambush on roads and in isolated communities.

The fourth group was selected by Saddam Hussain, his Fedayeen Saddam, to fight against the Coliation Forces in Iraq after the overthrow of Saddam Hussain in 2003. The name may have been chosen to imply a connection to the Palestinian resistance.

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