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2 Firestorms in cities 3 External links |
After an area catches fire, the air above the area becomes extremely hot and rises rapidly. Cold air then rushes in at ground level from the outside, creating high winds which fan the flames at ground level further. This creates a self-sustaining 'fire storm' with temperatures peaking at over 2000 degrees C.
Experiments with test fires have shown that firestorms can create fast-moving vortices of fire, which can spread the fire beyond the area of the original fire.
The same underlying combustion physics can also apply to man-made structures such as cities.
Fire storms are thought to have been part of the mechanism of large urban fires such as the Great Chicago Fire, Great Fire of Rome, the Great Fire of London, and the 1906 San Francisco Fire.
Firestorms were also created by the firebombing raids of World War II in Hamburg, Dresden, Tokyo, Kassel, Darmstadt, and Stuttgart.
The fire-bombing consisted of dropping large amounts of high explosives to expose the timbers within buildings, followed by incendiary devices (fire-sticks) to ignite them and then more high explosives to hamper the efforts of the fire services. It is said that, in the Dresden firebombing, people literally melted and caught fire in the resulting furnace conditions.
Nuclear weapons are also very likely to create fire storms in urban areas. This was responsible for a large portion of the destruction at Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
See also:
Mechanism of firestorms
Firestorms in cities
External links
See also