Many modern FPGAs have the ability to be reprogrammed at 'run time', and this is leading to the idea of reconfigurable computing or reconfigurable systems - CPUs that reconfigure themselves to suit the task at hand.

Applications of FPGAs include DSP, Software-defined radio, Aerospace and defence systems, ASIC Prototyping, Medical imaging and a growing range of other areas.

To define the behaviour of the FPGA it is required to use a Hardware Description Language (HDL). This language, when compiled, will generate a net list, that can be mapped to the actual fpga architecture. When done the binary file generated is used to (re)configure the FPGA device.

Basic Process Technology Types

• SRAM - based on static memory technology. In-system programmable and re-programmable. Requires external boot devices. Usually CMOS.
• Anti-fuse - One-time programmable. CMOS.
• EPROM - Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory technology. Usually one-time programmable in production because of plastic packaging. Windowed devices can be erased with ultraviolet (UV) light. CMOS.
• EEPROM - Electrically Eraseable Programmable Read-Only Memory technology. Can be erased, even in plastic packages. Some, but not all, EEPROM devices can be in-system programmed. CMOS.
• FLASH - Flash-erase EPROM technology. Can be erased, even in plastic packages. Some, but not all, FLASH devices can be in-system programmed. Usually, a FLASH cell is smaller than an equivalent EEPROM cell and is therefore less expensive to manufacture. CMOS.
• Fuse - One-time programmable. Bipolar.

• FAQ from Optimagic
• Programmable Logic Jump Station - Comprehensive links to FPGA, CPLD, and reconfigurable computing sites, from Optimagic.
• FPGA Basics by Ray Andraka
• | Fpga4Fun various fpga projects
• FPGA vendors
  • Xilinx
  • Altera
  • Lattice
  • Actel
  • Cypress
  • Atmel
  • QuickLogic
  • Nallatech: Delivering FPGA Centric High Performance Reconfigurable Computers