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A heat pump moves energy in the form of heat from one point (or place with a lower temperature) to another (one with higher temperature). Heat pumps are realized through several physical effects. But they're classified very differently, depending on the used criteria (driving energy, source and sink of heat, or like here: process within a heat pump which is basically a refrigeration machine).
The most common are
When comparing the performance of heat pumps, it is best to avoid the word "efficiency", as it has many different meanings. The term "coefficient of performance" or COP is used to describe the ratio of heat output to electrical power consumption. A typical heat pump has a COP of about three, whereas an electric heater has a COP of just one.