Heathenry is a general term, usually referring to (often in a pejorative sense) non-adherents to a certain religion. It originally applied only to those who lived "on the heath," or in the underpopulated areas of Europe which were slow to convert to Christianity during its period of expansion.

In more modern, neopagan circles, it often refers specifically to the ancient religion of the Germanic peoples, especially which in its modern form is more widely known by the term Asatru.