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It extends from eastern Iraq through the Indian subcontinent and southern China down through Indonesia as far as Java, Borneo, Bali and the Philippines. It ends at the Wallace line, named after Alfred Russel Wallace.
The southeastern part of the zone, south and east from the base of the Malay Peninsula, is often treated as a sub-region, Malesia.
There is one endemic bird family - Irenidae - the leafbirds and fairy bluebirds. Also characteristic are pheasants, pittas, Old World babblers, and flowerpeckers.
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