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Lamanai was occupied as early as the 16th century BC. The site reached it's greatest importance in the Pre-Classic Period, from the 4th century BC through the 1st century AD, but also has later structures and continued to be occupied up to the 17th century. During the Spanish conquest of Yucatán the Conquistadores established a Roman Catholic church here, but a native Maya revolt drove the Spanish away from this area.
The vast majority of the ruins were unexcataved until recently. Now, although although hundreds of ruins lie hidden and untouched in the Belizean jungle, the most impressive temples have been renovated, notably the Mask Temple and High Temple, which tourists can currently climb in the presence of a guide. The viewpoint from the top of the High Temple is exquisite, with views across mile upon mile of jungle and the nearby lagoon, part of New River.
The first detailed description of the ruins was made in 1917 by Thomas Gann. Archeological excavations at the site began in 1974 under David M. Pendergast of the Royal Ontario Museum, which continued through 1988. Further excavations and restoration work is being conduced as of 2004. The ruins are being excavated by a team from the nearby villages of Indian Church and San Carlos.
Lamanai is accessible to tourists by organised day boat trips from Orange Walk Town along New River. Lamanai Lodge provides a luxury place to stay, and organises boat trips at night on the lagoon for crocodile sightings. There is a small museum at the site.