Some protosciences go on to become an widely accepted part of science, such as plate tectonics which eventually became an accepted scientific model. Other protoscientific theories end up being disproven. If their followers refuse to accept the falsification of their theories, protoscience can then become pseudoscience. The falsification of the original theory sometimes leads to reformulation of the theory.

Note: idiosyncratic theories, or theories with an extremely small base of followers or peculiar to an individual, are not encyclopedic and should not be included. Pure pseudoscience should not be included either.

Table of contents

1 List 1.1 A to H 1.2 I to P 1.3 Q to Z 2 See also

List

• Artificial intelligence is commonly abbreviated as AI. It is also known as machine intelligence. AI is (or appears to be) intelligence exhibited by a non-natural device, probably a computer.
• Artificial life also known as Alife is the study of life through the use of human-made analogs of living systems.
• Astrobiology is the term for a speculative field within biology which considers the possibility of, and possible nature of, extraterrestrial life.
• Autonomous agents are robots which can survive in unstructured environments without continuous human guidance.
• Ball Lightning is a natural phenomenon wherein electrical discharges from rain clouds manifest as floating objects rather than the more typical arcing circuit completions seen in more common lightning.
• Biological Electronic Aesthetic Mechanics is a type of analog robotics that uses simple analog circuits instead of a microprocessor.
• Biophysics is an interdisciplinary science that applies theories and methods of the physical sciences to questions of biology.
• Brane cosmology founded in basic geometrical notions, it has matter localized on the brane.
• Chronobiology is a field of biology that examines time-related phenomena in living organisms.
• Computability theory is that part of the theory of computation dealing with which problems are solvable by algorithms, with various restrictions and extensions.
• Computational linguistics is a subfield of Linguistics in which logical modelling of natural language from an computational perspective is central.
• Cryonics is the practice of preserving organisms, or at least their brains, for possible future revival by storing them at cryogenic temperatures where metabolism and decay almost completely stop.
• Cybernetics is a theory of the communication and control of regulatory feedback.
• Dynamic theory of gravity proposition that gravity is a field effect.
• Evolutionary psychology proposed that human cognition and behavior could be better understood by examining them in light of human evolutionary history.
• Exobiology is the term for a speculative field within biology which considers the possibility of, and possible nature of, extraterrestrial life.
• Glottochronology or Lexico-statistics tries to reconstruct the evolution of languages by comparing changes in "core vocabulary", in a parallel way to carbon dating.
• Grand Unified Theory refers to a theory in physics that unifies the strong interaction and electroweak interaction.

• Information theory is a branch of the mathematical theory of probability and mathematical statistics, that deals with the concepts of information and information entropy, communication systems, data transmission and rate distortion theory, cryptography, signal-to-noise ratios, data compression, and related topics.
• Kirlian photography creates on a plate an image if an object on a photographic plate is subjected to a high-voltage electric field.
• Lexico-statistics'' (see Glottochronology).
• Ley lines are alignments of a number of places of geographical interest, such as ancient megaliths.
• Memetics is an idea which spreads.
• Neural networks is a mathematical model for information processing based on a connectionist approach to computation.
• Parapsychology is the branch of science concerned with the study of mental phenomena, whether actual or purported, that are not currently explainable within the framework of conventional science.
• Perpetual motion machines are a class of machines which produce useful energy "from nowhere."
• Plasma cosmology is a non-standard cosmological view which relies on the electromagnetic effects of plasma for explaining the large-scale structure of the universe, energy storage, and energy flow between seperate areas of the universe, among other things

• Quantum computers is a device that computes using superpositions of quantum states.
• Quantum gravity is the field of theoretical physics attempting to unify the subjects of Quantum mechanics and General relativity.
• Quaternion physics describes physics in terms of x, y, z, and t.
• Reciprocal System of Theoryis a theoretical framework capable of comprehensively explaining all physical phenomena from subatomic particles to galactic clusters.
• Stress studies are medical studies for a wide range of strong external stimuli.
• String theory is a physical model whose fundamental building blocks are extended objects (strings, membranes and higher-dimensional objects) rather than points.
• Systems theory is an interdisciplinary field which studies systems as a whole.
• Xenobiology is the term for a speculative field within biology which considers the possibility of, and possible nature of, extraterrestrial life.

Related: protosciences, pseudosciences