Lucifer was a term once applied to matches tipped with a mixture of potassium chlorate and antimony sulphide, inflamed by friction on a piece of emery paper. These were superseded by a variety of mixtures containing phosphorus. This is still the Dutch name for matches
Lucifer was the name of a research block cipher developed at IBM by Horst Feistel and his colleagues in the 1970's. It had a 128-bit key but only a 32-bit block size, and was vulnerable to cryptanalysis. It was a forerunner of DES, the US federal data encryption standard.
