Historic Military Alliances:

• Wars of Scottish Independence
  • Auld Alliance - Scotland, Norway, France
• Italian Wars
  • League of Cambrai - The Papal States, France, Aragon, Holy Roman Empire
  • Catholic League (Italian) - The Papal States, Venice, England, Aragon, Holy Roman Empire
• Wars of the Schmalkaldic League
  • Schmalkaldic League - German Protestant States
• Thirty Years War
  • Catholic League (German) - Bavaria, other Catholic German States
  • Protestant Union - Protestant German States
• War of the Grand Alliance (Nine Years War)
  • League of Augsburg - Holy Roman Empire, Spain, Austria, other German states
• War of the Spanish Succession
  • The Quadruple Alliance of 1718
• Napoleonic Wars
  • The Quadruple Alliance of 1814/15
  • First through Seventh Coalitions
• The Quadruple Alliance of 1834
• League of Nations
• World War One
  • Allies - Great Britain, France, Russia (to 1917), United States (from 1917)
  • Central Powers - Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire
• World War Two
  • Axis Powers - Germany, Japan, Italy
  • Allies (United Nations) - United States (from 1941), Great Britain, France, Soviet Union (from 1941)
• Cold War
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) -- United States, Canada, most of Western Europe (still an active alliance)
  • Warsaw Pact - Soviet Union, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia