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It was formed by a merger of the National Union of Railwaymen (NUR) and the National Union of Seamen (NUS).
Predecessors of the RMT were amoung the unions which set up the Labour Representation Committee in 1900. In 2003, some Scottish branches of the RMT voted to donate some of their funds to the Scottish Socialist Party. This led the Labour Party to disaffiliate the union in early 2004.