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A neon lamp can be exited by AC or DC. In AC exited lamps, both electrodes produce light and glow, but in a DC exited lamp, only one electrode glows. This simple fact can be used to distinguish between AC and DC sources using a neon lamp.
In addition to many other uses they were used as very simple voltage regulators in the days of tube electronics. Neon lamps were also used for a variety of other purposes in olden times. A good set of links describing those is :
See also: Timeline of lighting technology, Neon, 1911 in science, Neon signage