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The university was founded in 1919 as the New School for Social Research. Its founders included the historian Charles Beard, economists Thorstein Veblen and James Harvey Robinson, and philosopher John Dewey.
The New School University is comprised of a number of academic units, most notably the Eugene Lang College, the undergraduate, liberal arts division of the University, and the Parsons School of Design, one of the most significant design schools in the United States.
During the period from 1933 until the end of World War II, the New School and affiliates such as the University in Exile provided a base for scholars who had been dismissed from teaching and government positions by totalitarian regimes in Europe.