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Established in the Hôtel de Ville just after the fall of the Bastille, the Commune became insurrectionary, essentially refusing to take orders from the central French government, in the summer of 1792.
The first mayor was Jean Sylvain Bailly; he was succeeded in November 1791 by Pétion de Villeneuve, after Bailly's unpopular use of the National Guard, to disperse a riotous assembly in the Champ-de-Mars (July 17, 1791).