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Before the 1890s there was no formal party system in Queensland. Party labels before that time indicate a general tendency only.
See Premiers of the Australian states for a description and history of the office of Premier.
| Premier | Party | Took office |
|---|---|---|
| Robert Herbert | - | 10 December 1859 |
| Arthur Macalister | - | 1 February 1866 |
| Robert Herbert | - | 20 July 1866 |
| Arthur Macalister | - | 7 August 1866 |
| Robert Mackenzie | - | 15 August 1867 |
| Charles Lilley | - | 25 November 1868 |
| Arthur Palmer | - | 3 May 1870 |
| Arthur Macalister | - | 8 January 1874 |
| George Thorn | - | 5 June 1876 |
| John Douglas | - | 8 March 1877 |
| Thomas McIlwraith | Conservative | 21 January 1879 |
| Samuel Griffith | Liberal | 13 November 1883 |
| Sir Thomas McIlwraith | Conservative | 13 June 1888 |
| Boyd Morehead | - | 30 November 1888 |
| Sir Samuel Griffith | Liberal | 12 August 1890 |
| Sir Thomas McIlwraith | Conservative | 27 March 1893 |
| Hugh Nelson | Conservative | 27 October 1893 |
| Thomas Byrnes | Conservative | 13 April 1898 |
| James Dickson | Conservative | 1 October 1898 |
| Anderson Dawson | Labor | 1 December 1899 |
| Robert Philp | Conservative | 7 December 1899 |
| Arthur Morgan | Conservative | 17 September 1903 |
| William Kidston | Liberal | 18 February 1908 |
| Robert Philp | Conservative | 19 November 1907 |
| William Kidston | Liberal | 18 February 1908 |
| Digby Denman | Liberal | 7 February 1911 |
| Thomas Ryan | Labor | 1 June 1915 |
| Edward Theodore | Labor | 22 October 1919 |
| William Gillies | Labor | 26 February 1925 |
| William McCormack | Labor | 22 October 1925 |
| Arthur Moore | Country National | 21 May 1929 |
| William Forgan Smith | Labor | 17 June 1932 |
| Frank Cooper | Labor | 16 September 1942 |
| Edward Hanlon | Labor | 7 March 1946 |
| Vincent Gair | Labor | 17 January 1952 |
| Vincent Gair | Queensland Labor Party | 26 April 1957 |
| Sir Frank Nicklin | Country Party | 12 August 1957 |
| Jack Pizzey | Country Party | 17 January 1968 |
| Sir Gordon Chalk | Liberal | 1 August 1968 |
| Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen | Country Party, National Party | 8 August 1968 |
| Michael Ahern | National Party | 1 December 1987 |
| Russell Cooper | National Party | 25 September 1989 |
| Wayne Goss | Labor | 7 December 1989 |
| Rob Borbidge | National Party | 19 February 1996 |
| Peter Beattie | Labor | 20 June 1998 |