He was born in Xalapa, Veracruz (Mexico). His brother Miguel Lerdo de Tejada is also a notable Mexican political figure.

He was a minister in the government of Ignacio Comonfort and Benito Juárez.

He was president from July 19, 1872 to November 20, 1876 when he was overthrown by Porfirio Díaz.

He went into exile in New York where he died some years after. He was buried in Mexico.

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