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The Satanic Verses

The Satanic Verses is also a novel by Salman Rushdie


In the historical writings related to Islam, The Satanic Verses refers to a short passage purported to have existed in the early recitings of the Qur'an. Islamic scholars today disagree as to whether these verses ever actually existed, or if their history is a fable. The verses were perhaps first named "satanic verses" by Sir William Muir.

Translated from Arabic, the satanic verses are "these are exalted females whose intercession is to be desired" in the 53rd sura of the Koran, Surat-An-Najm ("The Star"). Said to have been between verses 19-20, the females referred to were the goddesses al-Lat, Manah, and Uzza, who were three deities in pre-Islamic Arabia.

Muslim scholars have repudiated the incident as a fabrication created by the unbelievers of Mecca, in the early days of Islam, so they could remain in polytheism. Never taken seriously by the Muslims, it later caught the attention of western Orientalists.

According to a legend, Muhammad originally accepted these verses as part of the Koran. While the angel Jabril customarily told Muhammad to recite the sura revealed to him, Jabril then told him that the verses were actually a deception planted in his head from Satan, and they were therefore not the authentic word of Allah. The verses were later withdrawn and denounced as "satanic."

The sura in question, with the excised or interpolated verse:

Near it is the Garden of Abode. Behold, the Lote-tree was shrouded (in mystery unspeakable!) (His) sight never swerved, nor did it go wrong! For truly did he see, of the Signs of his Lord, the Greatest! Have ye seen Lat. and 'Uzza, And another, the third (goddess), [Manah]

These are the exalted cranes (intermediaries) Whose intercession is to be hoped for.

What! for you the male sex, and for Him, the female? Behold, such would be indeed a division most unfair!

The historicity of the incident is disputed by some of the early Muslim historians, and is only preserved as a quotation from al-Tabari, in Guillaume's translation of Ibn Ishaq's writings. One of the only sources traces back to `Abd Allah Ibn `Abbas as eye-witness, who was born some five years after the alleged event was said to have taken place. Apart from this, all the persons in the Isnad (narration) have names who are considered weak, unreliable or are unknown in hadith tradition.

Many arguments have been made over the verse. The Qur'an states that neither Satan nor anyone else could interfere in the process of revelation.

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