This list includes many of the common large shrubs of Canada, as well as the trees. Many of the trees on this list are introduced as ornamentals or for food and are not common in Canada. Also due to the vast area of Canada, a tree that is common in one area, may be completely absent or unable to grow in another area.
Abies firs
- amabilis Pacific silver fir
- balsamea Balsam fir
- bifolia Interior subalpine fir
- concolor White fir - introduced
- grandis Grand fir
- lasiocarpa Coastal subalpine fir
- magnifica California red fir - introduced
- nordmanniana Nordmann fir - introduced
- pinsapo Spanish fir - introduced
- procera Noble fir - introduced
Acer maples
- circinatum Vine maple
- x freemanii Freeman's maple (hybrid red maple x silver maple)
- ginnala Amur maple - introduced
- glabrum Douglas maple
- macrophyllum Bigleaf maple
- negundo Manitoba maple or boxelder
- nigrum Black maple
- palmatum Japanese maple - introduced
- pensylvanicum Striped maple
- platanoides Norway maple - introduced
- pseudoplatanus Sycamore maple - introduced
- rubrum Red maple
- saccharinum Silver maple
- saccharum Sugar maple
- spicatum Mountain maple
Aesculus buckeyes
- x carnea Red horsechestnut - introduced
- glabra Ohio buckeye
- hippocastanum Horsechestnut - introduced
Ailanthus altissima Ailanthus - introduced
Alnus alders
- glutinosa European black alder - introduced
- incana Speckled alder
- rubra Red alder
- serrulata Hazel alder
- viridis Green alder
Amelanchier serviceberries
- alnifolia Saskatoon berry
- arborea Downy serviceberry
- bartramiana Mountain serviceberry
- florida Pacific serviceberry
- laevis Smooth serviceberry
- sanguinea Roundleaf serviceberry
Aralia elata Japanese angelica-tree - introduced
Arbutus menziesii Pacific madrone
Asimina triloba Pawpaw
Araucaria araucana Monkey-puzzle - introduced
Betula birches
- alleghaniensis Yellow birch
- x caerulea Blueleaf birch
- cordifolia Mountain paper birch
- kenaica Kenai paper birch
- lenta Cherry birch
- neoalaskana Alaska paper birch
- occidentalis Water birch
- papyrifera White birch
- pendula Silver birch - introduced
- populifolia Gray birch
Caragana arborescens Siberian pea-tree - introduced
Carpinus caroliniana American hornbeam or blue-beech
Carya hickories
- cordiformis Bitternut hickory
- glabra Pignut hickory
- laciniosa Shellbark hickory
- ovata Shagbark hickory
Castanea chestnuts
- dentata American chestnut
- mollissima Chinese chestnut - introduced
Catalpa catalpas
- bignonioides Southern catalpa - introduced
- ovata Japanese catalpa - introduced
- speciosa Northern catalpa - introduced
Cedrus cedars
- atlantica Atlas cedar - introduced
- deodora Deodar cedar - introduced
- libani Cedar of Lebanon - introduced
Celtis hackberries
- occidentalis Hackberry
- tenuifolia Dwarf hackberry
Cephalanthus occidentalis Button-bush
Cercidiphyllum japonicum Katsura-tree - introduced
Cercis canadensis Redbud
Chamaecyparis
- lawsoniana Lawson's cypress - introduced
- obtusa Hinoki cypress - introduced
- pisifera Sawara cypress - introduced
Cladrastis kentukea Yellow-wood - introduced
Cornus dogwoods
- alternifolia Alternate-leaved dogwood
- florida Eastern flowering dogwood
- kousa Kousa dogwood - introduced
- mas Cornelian-cherry - introduced
- nuttallii Western flowering dogwood
Corylus hazelnuts
- americana American hazel
- avellana European hazel - introduced
- colurna Turkish hazel - introduced
- cornuta Beaked hazel
- maxima Filbert - introduced
Cotinus coggygria Smokebush - introduced
Crataegus Hawthorns - too many species to list.
Cryptomeria japonica Sugi - introduced
Cupressus
- nootkatensis Nootka cypress, Yellow-cedar (previously included in Chamaecyparis)
Elaeagnus
- angustifolia Russian-olive - introduced
- commutata Silverberry
Euonymus Euonymus
- alatus Winged euonymus - introduced
- atropurpureus Burning-bush euonymus
- europaeus European spindle - introduced
- fortunei Winter-creeper euonymus - introduced
Fagus beeches
- grandifolia American beech
- sylvatica European beech - introduced
Fraxinus asheses
- americana White ash
- excelsior European ash - introduced
- latifolia Oregon ash
- nigra Black ash
- pennsylvanica Red and Green ashes
- profunda Pumpkin ash
- quadrangulata Blue ash
Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo
Gleditsia triacanthos Honey-locust
Gymnocladus dioicus Kentucky coffee-tree
Hamamelis virginiana Witch-hazel
Hippophae rhamnoides Sea-buckthorn - introduced
Ilex hollies
- aquifolium English holly - introduced
- opaca American holly - introduced
- verticillata Common winterberry
Juglans walnuts
- cineria Butternut
- nigra Black walnut
- regia Persian walnut - introduced
Juniperus junipers
- chinensis Chinese juniper - introduced
- communis Common juniper
- horizontalis Creeping juniper
- sabina Savin juniper - introduced
- scopulorum Rocky mountain juniper
- virginiana Eastern red-cedar
Laburnum anagyroides Laburnum - introduced
Larix larches
- decidua European larch - introduced
- gmelinii Dahurian larch - introduced
- kaempferi Japanese larch - introduced
- laricina Tamarack
- lyallii Subalpine larch
- occidentalis Western larch
- sibirica Siberian larch - introduced
Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum - introduced
Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip-tree
Maclura pomifera Osage-orange - introduced
Magnolia magnolias
- acuminata Cucumber-tree
- x soulangeana Saucer magnolia - introduced
Malus appless
- baccata Siberian crab apple - introduced
- coronaria Wild crab apple
- fusca Pacific crab apple
- sylvestris Common apple - introduced
Metasequoia glyptostroboides Dawn redwood - introduced
Morus mulberries
- alba White mulberry - introduced
- rubra Red mulberry
Myrica californica Pacific bayberry
Nemopanthus mucronatus Mountain-holly
Nyssa sylvatica Black tupelo
Ostrya virginiana American hornbeam or Ironwood
Phellodendron amurense Amur cork-tree - introduced
Picea spruces
- abies Norway spruce - introduced
- engelmannii Engelmann spruce
- glauca White spruce
- mariana Black spruce
- omorika Serbian spruce - introduced
- pungens Colorado spruce - introduced
- rubens Red spruce
- sitchensis sitka spruce
Pinus pines
- albicaulis Whitebark pine
- aristata Bristlecone pine - introduced
- banksiana Jack pine
- contorta subsp. contorta Shore pine
- contorta subsp. latifolia Lodgepole pine
- flexilis Limber pine
- monticola Western white pine
- mugo Mugo pine - introduced
- nigra European black or Austrian pine - introduced
- ponderosa Ponderosa pine
- resinosa Red pine
- rigida Pitch pine
- strobus Eastern white pine
- sylvestris Scots pine - introduced
Platanus planess
- x acerifolia London plane - introduced
- occidentalis American sycamore
Platycladus
- orientalis Oriental Arbor-vitae (previously known as Thuja orientalis) - introduced
Populus poplars, aspens, cottonwoods
- x acuminata Lanceleaf cottonwood
- alba European white poplar - introduced
- angustifolia Narrowleaf cottonwood
- balsamifera Balsam poplar
- x canadensis Carolina poplar - introduced
- deltoides Cottonwood
- grandidentata Bigtooth aspen
- x jackii Jack's hybrid poplar
- nigra var. italica Lombardy poplar
- simonii Simon's poplar
- tremuloides Trembling aspen
- trichocarpa Black cottonwood
Prunus cherries, plums, peach
- americana American plum
- armeniaca Apricot
- avium Sweet cherry - introduced
- cerasus Sour cherry - introduced
- emarginata Bitter cherry
- maackii Amur chokecherry - introduced
- nigra Canada plum
- pensylvanica Pin cherry
- serotina Black cherry
- serrulata Japanese flowering cherry - introduced
- virginiana Chokecherry
Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas-fir
Ptelea trifoliata Hop-tree
Pyrus communis Common pear
Quercus oaks
- alba White oak
- bicolor Swamp white oak
- coccinea Scarlet oak - introduced
- ellipsoidalis Northern pin oak
- garryana Garry oak
- ilicifolia Bear oak
- macrocarpa Bur oak
- montana Chestnut oak
- muehlenbergii Chinquapin oak
- palustris Pin oak
- prinoides Dwarf chinquapin oak
- robur English oak
- rubra Northern red oak
- shumardii Shumard oak
- velutina Black oak
Rhamnus buckthorns
- cathartica European buckthorn - introduced
- frangula Glossy buckthorn - introduced
- purshiana Cascara buckthorn
Rhododendron rhododendrons
- macrophyllum Pacific rhododendron
- maximum Rosebay rhododendron - introduced
Rhus sumacs
- copallina Shining sumac
- glabra Smooth sumac
- typhina Staghorn sumac
Robinia pseudoacacia Black locust - introduced
Sassafras albidum Sassafras
Salix willows - too many species to list.
Sambucus elder
- callicarpa Red-berry elder
- canadensis American elder
- cerulea Blue-berry elder
- melanocarpa Black-berry elder
- pubens Eastern red-berry elder
Sciadopitys verticillata Umbrella-pine - introduced
Sequoia redwoods
Sequoiadendron redwoods
Shepherdia argentea Silver buffalo-berry
Sorbus rowans, 'mountain-ash'
- americana American mountain-ash
- aucuparia European rowan - introduced
- decora Showy mountain-ash
- sitchensis Sitka mountain-ash
Syringia vulgaris Common lilac
Taxodium bald-cypresses
- distichum Bald-cypress - introduced
Taxus yews
- baccata English yew - introduced
- brevifolia Western yew
- canadensis Canada yew
- cuspidata Japanese yew - introduced
Thuja thujas
- occidentalis Eastern white-cedar
- plicata Western red-cedar
Tilia lindens
Toxicodendron vernix Poison-sumac
Tsuga hemlocks
- canadensis Eastern hemlock
- heterophylla Western hemlock
- mertensiana Mountain hemlock
Ulmus elms
- americana White elm
- glabra Wych elm - introduced
- procera English elm - introduced
- pumila Siberian elm - introduced
- rubra Slippery elm
- thomasii Rock elm
Viburnum viburnums
- edule Squashberry
- lantana Wayfaring-tree - introduced
- lentago Sweet viburnum, nannyberry
- opulus Wayfaring tree - introduced
- trilobus Highbush cranberry
Zanthoxylum americanum Common prickly-ash
Zelkova serrata Japanese zelkova - introduced
