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The Fort Leavenworth location was originally known as the United States Military Prison, and was established by the United States Congress in 1874. It has been in continuous operation since May 15, 1875, with a new 521-bed facility put into use in 2002.
The historic confinement building is known as "the Castle." It was built by the convicts and completed in 1921. There is a cemetery on the grounds, the Fort Leavenworth Military Prison Cemetery, which saw its last burial in 1957.
USDB was the first prison in the nation to offer the vocational training for prisoners.
The last execution at the prison was Army Pfc. John A. Bennett, who was executed by hanging on April 13, 1961; his was also the most recent execution conducted by the United States Armed Forces.