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The feeling that one is about to vomit is called nausea.
Human vomits can sometimes be used to identify illness, such as by examining the micro-fungus in the content.
Some adult birds regurgitate food to feed their young. The food can be either incompletely digested or partially predigested, depending on the species.
Some bird species may also use regurgitation as a form of defense, vomiting when wounded or molested. When an intruder or a predator comes near a fulmar on its nest, the bird vomits oil up to 3 feet at the enemy.
Slang terms for vomiting: Throw up (phrasal verb), puke, barf, chunder, heave, boke, hurl, blow chunks, spew, upchuck.
In the case of nausea, it can be useful to have a bucket nearby to vomit in if one can not reach a toilet in time. On airplanes (and sometimes on buses and ferries) special bags are supplied for this purpose. Alternatively a special disposable bag is used containing absorbent material that solidifies the vomit in 5 to 10 seconds, making it convenient and safe to keep (leakproof, puncture resistant, odorless) until there is an opportunity to dispose of it (conveniently like regular garbage). It is also used for urination in special circumstances.