Cocardes
Cocardes: were rosettes or ribbons worn as a badge, typically on a hat.
- Black cockade - Primarily, the cockade of the anti-revolutionary aristocracy. Also, earlier, the cockade of the American Revolution.
- Green cockade - As the "color of hope", the symbol of the Revolution in its early days, before the adoption of the tricolor.
- Tricolor cockade - The symbol of the Revolution (from shortly after the Bastille fell) and later of the republic. Originally formed as a combination of blue and red -- the colors of Paris -- with the royal white.
- Cocarde blanche - Symbole des royalistes.
Other countries and armies at this time typically had their own cockades.
Religion
- Constitution civile du clergé - 1790, confiscated Church lands and turned the Catholic clergy into state employees.
- Culte de la Raison - Official religion at the height of radical Jacobinism in 1793-4.
- "Jureur", "prêtre constitutionnel" - a priest or other member of the clergy who took the oath required under the Civil Constitution of the Clergy.
- "Non-jureur", "prêtre réfractaire", "insermenté" - désigne les membres du clergé qui ont refusé de prêter serment à la constitution.
Autres termes
- Assignats - notes, bills, and bonds issued as currency 1790-1796, based on the security of the church and noble lands appropriated by the state.
- Cahier de doléance - recueil des souhaits de la population, destinés à prérarer les travaux des états généraux de 1798
- Déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen - 1789; in summary, defined these rights as "liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression."
- Fuite à Varennes - The Royal Family's attempt to flee France June 20-21, 1791.
- La Grande peur - Refers to the period of July and August 1789, when peasants sacked the castles of the nobles and burned the documents that recorded their feudal obligations.
- Lettre de cachet - Under the ancien régime, a private, sealed royal document that could imprison or exile an individual without recourse to courts of law.
- Gauche et droite - These political terms originated in this era and derived from the seating arrangements in the legislative bodies. The use of the terms is loose and inconsistent, but in this period "right" tends to mean support for monarchical and aristocratic interests, or (at the height of revolutionary fervor) for the interests of the bourgeousie against the masses, while "left" tends to imply opposition to the same, proto-laissez faire free marketeers and proto-communists.
- La Terreur - in this period, "terror" usually (but not always) refers to State violence, especially the so-called Reign of Terror.
Voir aussi